Adoption and expansion of robotic surgery across General Surgery in the United Kingdom: a 10-year procedure-specific analysis (2015-2024).

Open surgery demonstrated a significant trend ( r =-0.77, P < 0.05), while laparoscopic approaches remained stable.

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Across all procedures in the included centres, an overall negative trend was observed (–0.65 P = 0.05), which approached but did not reach statistical significance based on the study’s predefined threshold of P < 0.05.

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