Adjunctive GM-CSF therapy enhances host defense against systemic <i>Candida auris</i> infection in immunosuppressed mice.

A low dose of GM-CSF (0.2 μg/mouse, n=10) improved survival to 30% with a median survival of 11.5 days (95% CI: 6 – >21), showing a trend toward significance compared to placebo (HR = 0.485, 95% CI: 0.2232–1.054; p = 0.0577).

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We also found an increase in CD11b + granulocytes (mean difference: 11.82, 95% CI: 0.207 – 23.43, two-tailed t-test p=0.0475) in GM-CSF-treated mice ( Figure 3D , Supplementary Figure S2D ), which was generally accompanied by a strong trend toward increased neutrophils (mean difference: 13.85, 95% CI: -2.555 – 30.26, two-tailed t-test p=0.079) vs placebo-treated mice ( Figure 3E , Supplementary Figure S2E ).

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The survival benefit of combination therapy did not reach statistical significance compared with GM-CSF (χ2 = 0.8857, p = 0.3466) or micafungin monotherapy (χ2 = 3.629, p = 0.0568) ( Figures 1B, C ).

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