Evaluation of trained immunity as a potential strategy for a universal Streptococcus suis vaccine using immunogenic proteins in a murine model.

BMC Vet Res · 2026 · PMC12866593 · PMID 41484891

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hedged sentences

0.0990

closest p · 2.0× alpha

0.0990

boldest claim

The sentences

approaching significancep = 0.099so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

However, the group immunized with live dpB IV (group 1) showed lower CFU/mL (approaching significance, M-W, p = 0.099) compared to the untreated control group.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Moreover, it should also be noted that several outcomes did not reach statistical significance, which is expected in preliminary exploratory designs with limited sample sizes (related to research with animals which requires strict compliance with animal welfare regulations, including the 3Rs principle and limitations in the number of animals that can be used).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.