Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.

However, a recent multicenter real-world study on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) reported that the incidence of ICIP in the CTLA-4 group was 18.5%, compared to 11.3% in the non-CTLA-4 group (pembrolizumab or atezolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy) ( P = 0.058), a difference that did not reach statistical significance.

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Notably, while patients with mild to moderate (grades 1–2) ICIP had significantly longer PFS than those with severe (grade ≥3) ICIP (11.2 vs 2.6 months), OS showed a trend toward improvement [ 22 ].

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