Pupil dynamics reveal preparatory processes in the generation of pro-saccades and anti-saccades in open skill sports athletes.

Biol Sport · 2026 · PMC12884883 · PMID 41668961

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0670

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.050actually significant

First, while this effect remained comparable in magnitude after controlling for age, it became marginally significant (p = 0.050).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.051so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Effects of group and the interaction did not reach statistical significance (group: F (1, 78) = 3.938, p = 0.051, ηp 2 = 0.048; interaction: F (1, 78) = 3.517, p = 0.064, ηp 2 = 0.043).

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approached significancep = 0.067so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Notably, the interaction effect for max constriction magnitude approached significance ( Fig. 4D , F (1, 78) = 3.464, p = 0.067, ηp 2 = 0.043).

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