Long-term exposure to nanoparticles alters senescence-associated markers and immune responses in human monocyte-derived macrophages.

Exposure to AuNPs for 5 days showed a trend toward lower CDKN2A expression and a 4-fold increase in IL-8 , while IL-6 displayed an upward tendency compared to controls.

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While the differences did not reach statistical significance, intracellular NP levels tended to be highest after 10 days of continuous exposure, with lower levels observed in the acute and 5 day conditions.

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