Environmental Enrichment and Agonistic Behavior in Post-Weaning Pigs: A Pilot Study Using Artificial Intelligence.

Biology (Basel) · 2026 · PMC12896451 · PMID 41677728

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0960

boldest claim

The sentences

near-significantp = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Similarly, the total duration of aggressive behavior per day was substantially reduced in enriched pens ( p < 0.001) and decreased progressively across weeks ( p < 0.001), while aggressive duration per bout was also shorter in the EE group ( p = 0.001) and varied temporally ( p < 0.001), with a near-significant interaction ( p = 0.054) suggesting an increasing magnitude of the enrichment effect at later stages.

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.096so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were also lower in treatment group pigs compared with controls, although this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.096), indicating a tendency toward reduced levels in the EE group. 3.5.

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