nominally significantp < 0.05
Although overall microbial community compositions did not differ significantly between groups, nominally significant shifts were observed (p < 0.05) in taxa such as Bilophila , CAG-56 , Clostridium sensu stricto 1 , Coprobacter , Holdemania , Fusicatenibacter , Ruminococcus , and [Eubacterium] ( Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka et al., 2025 ).