Barely Significant
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Cannabis and nicotine use are independently associated with adverse surgical, medical, and psychosocial outcomes following upper extremity fracture fixation.

J Orthop Surg Res · 2026 · PMC12903482 · PMID 41555366

4
hedged sentences
0.0500
closest p · 1.0× alpha
0.0500
boldest claim

The sentences

nominally significantp < 0.05actually significant
Reoperation and anxiety remained nominally significant ( p < 0.05) but did not retain significance after correction.

also in 7,732 other papers

borderline significantno p-value reported
After Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction, 12 outcomes remained statistically significant, including deep implant infection, nonunion/malunion, reoperation, anxiety, depression, opioid use disorder, chronic pain, readmission, superficial wound infection, pneumonia, irrigation and debridement, and death, with wound dehiscence borderline significant.

also in 11,409 other papers

Although the risk of reoperation was numerically higher in concurrent users (risk difference: 2.66%, p = 0.09), the difference did not reach statistical significance.

also in 111,027 other papers

borderline significanceno p-value reported
Deep implant infection and depression showed borderline significance (q = 0.051).

also in 7,017 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.