Impact of immune-related adverse events on treatment outcomes in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Front Immunol · 2026 · PMC12916662 · PMID 41727433

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showed a trendno p-value reported

In our cohort, severe irAEs showed a trend toward reduced OS when compared to mild irAEs, but they displayed the extension of OS than that of non-irAE.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Multi-irAEs were also independently associated with improved OS, though their benefit for PFS did not reach statistical significance possibly due to limited follow-up or sample size.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.