A Prospective Clinical and Radiological Study of Symptomatic Upper Lumbar Disc Herniation in the Indian Population.

Cureus · 2026 · PMC12935027 · PMID 41755949

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may be significantno p-value reported

Another contributing factor may be significant cross-innervation among nerve roots in this region [ 18 - 20 ].

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Other parameters, including BMI, VAS for back and leg pain, ODI, motor weakness, reflexes, and Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration, did not reach statistical significance.

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approached significanceno p-value reported

Other parameters, including MSU grade (p = 0.085), ODI (p = 0.088), and least pain in the last 24 hours (p = 0.079), were not significant but approached significance.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.