Feeding Practices, Prenatal Oral Health Information, and Early Childhood Caries in Toddlers Born Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Hungary.

Dent J (Basel) · 2026 · PMC12939149 · PMID 41744939

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0520

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.8010

boldest claim

The sentences

near statistical significancep = 0.052so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

However, caries intensity significantly decreased ( p = 0.025), and a strong tendency could be observed with near statistical significance regarding the SiC index ( p = 0.052; 2019 mean: 2.09, med: 1.0; 2024 mean: 1.12, med: 0). 3.2.

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weakly significantp = 0.073so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

With respect to caries intensity, a significant difference was observed between children of mothers with primary and secondary education ( p = 0.042), while the difference between those with primary and tertiary education was only weakly significant in 2024 ( p = 0.073) ( Figure 4 ).

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a positive trendp = 0.801not close (p > 0.1)

At the 2024 screening, no statistically significant association was detected; however, a positive trend persisted for both parents (mothers p = 0.801; fathers p = 0.699) ( Table 4 ).

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Overall, a decreasing trend in cariogenic beverage consumption was observed across study periods, potentially contributing to improved caries intensity outcomes.

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