Efficacy and Safety of CO<sub>2</sub> Laser Therapy Combined with Collagen Cream in Managing Vulvo-Vaginal Atrophy: A Randomized, Controlled Study on Symptom Relief and Microbiome Modulation.

Medicina (Kaunas) · 2026 · PMC12941891 · PMID 41752713

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0500

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep < 0.05actually significant

control: 4.6 ± 0.8; Figure 7 ) at Visit 2 (90 days), while lower in the treatment group, did not reach statistical significance compared to the control group ( p < 0.05).

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showed a trendno p-value reported

However, certain beneficial bacterial species, such as Lactobacillus iners and Lactobacillus crispatus , showed a trend to increase following treatment.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

Efficacy and Safety of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Laser Therapy Combined with Collagen Cream in Managing Vulvo-Vaginal Atrophy: A Randomized, Controlled Study on Symptom Relief and Microbiome Modulation.

The sentences

Efficacy and Safety of CO<sub>2</sub> Laser Therapy Combined with Collagen Cream in Managing Vulvo-Vaginal Atrophy: A Randomized, Controlled Study on Symptom Relief and Microbiome Modulation.