Effect of protein supplementation on hip bone mineral density, cortical thickness, and bone strength in older adult participants during a caloric restriction and aerobic exercise weight loss intervention: a randomized controlled trial.

Osteoporos Int · 2026 · PMC12956928 · PMID 41553490

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1400

closest p · 2.8× alpha

0.1400

boldest claim

The sentences

did not quite reach significancep = 0.14not close (p > 0.1)

Hip bone strength gains at 6 months in the two groups randomized to higher protein were similar as expected ( p = 0.46), but the 6-mo HiProt vs RecProt group differences did not quite reach significance ( p = 0.14), possibly due to higher variability that limited statistical power.

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approaching significancep = 0.14not close (p > 0.1)

While group differences were non-significant at 18 months, average bone strength increased 2.4% from baseline in the 18-mo HiProt group (0.09 ± 0.11kN), increased 1.0% in the 6-mo HiProt group (0.03 ± 0.11kN), but decreased −0.6% in the RecProt group (−0.02 ± 0.10kN), with the RecProt versus 18-mo HiProt group comparison approaching significance ( p = 0.14; Table 2 ).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Higher protein groups appeared to gain more trabecular vBMD over 6 months versus the RecProt group, but did not reach statistical significance.

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