Plasma metabolomic profiles and risk of hip fracture among US individuals: a nested case-control and prospective cohort study.

Although they did not reach statistical significance in NHS or HPFS, association directions were similar in NHS and HPFS.

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Multiple comparisons were addressed using the false discovery rate (FDR), with FDR < 0.05 considered statistically significant and FDR < 0.2 considered nominally significant. 10 Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) was used to evaluate associations between metabolite classes and hip fracture risk. 30 We calculated the normalised enrichment scores (NES), which typically range from −3 to +3, along with the FDR values in the MSEA analysis.

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