Metacognitive awareness and confidence as predictors of academic performance in pharmacy students: insights from grade predictions and structural equation modeling.

Front Psychol · 2026 · PMC12982428 · PMID 41835871

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

a negative trendno p-value reported

did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Confidence showed a negative trend that did not reach statistical significance, indicating that higher confidence alone did not translate into improved academic outcomes.

also in 4,201 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.