Photodynamic priming with Vitamin D and ALA-based PDT induces intratumoral immune cell recruitment and signaling pathway activation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Cancer Immunol Immunother · 2026 · PMC12988919 · PMID 41831062

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

DCs also increased after VitD alone and after PDT or VitD + PDT at 1 week, but did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 6 A).

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showed a trendno p-value reported

TGF-β signaling was modestly enhanced by VitD, but showed no increase with PDT, and showed a trend toward downregulation when VitD and PDT were combined.

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