Analysis of 386 alternative medicinal products implicated in liver injury reveal clinically relevant associations with potentially hepatotoxic botanicals, pharmaceutical adulteration, heavy metal contamination, and undisclosed animal content.

Front Gastroenterol (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13012947 · PMID 41890551

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0610

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0780

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.061so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The association with mortality did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons (34.5% vs 16.1%, uncorrected P = 0.061, FDR q=0.24).

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showed a trendP = 0.061so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

While cadmium exposure showed a trend toward higher mortality in uncorrected analysis (P = 0.061), this association did not remain statistically significant after FDR correction (q=0.24), suggesting that cadmium’s primary impact may be on disease severity rather than ultimate survival.

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borderline significanceP = 0.078so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The ACLF association showed borderline significance after FDR correction, with benzodiazepine exposure showing particularly elevated ACLF rates (83.3% vs 38.8%, P = 0.078).

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