Effect Modification by Acute Coronary Syndrome Prevalence on Non-Invasive Ventilation Efficacy in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

J Cardiovasc Dev Dis · 2026 · PMC13026454 · PMID 41892723

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0720

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0890

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.072so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

While the low-risk-of-bias subgroup was primarily composed of 3CPO (N = 1069, accounting for approximately 80% of this subgroup), the between-subgroup test for effect modification did not reach statistical significance (Q = 3.24, df = 1, p = 0.072).

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approached significancep = 0.089so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The test for subgroup differences approached significance (Q = 2.89, df = 1, p = 0.089), providing supportive evidence consistent with the meta-regression findings.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.