RSV-NTHi Co-Infection Skews Host Immunity by Suppressing Type I IFN Responses and Enhancing Pro-Inflammatory Responses.

Consistent with Figure 1 E, we again observed a nonsignificant trend toward increased NTHi abundance in the supernatants from co-infection (both LD and HD) compared to those from single infections ( Figure 6 C).

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This interpretation is consistent with our flow cytometry data, which showed a strong trend toward RSV inhibition at 16 hpi that became statistically significant by 24 hpi.

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While IL-6 expression showed a trend similar to the IFN responses, the IL-8 levels were not reduced during co-infection compared to those during RSV-LD or RSV-HD infection alone.

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