Association Between Lifestyle Factors and Self-Reported Cardiovascular Disease Among Canadian Adults Aged 35 Years and Older: A Study Based on Data From the Canadian Community Health Survey.

Cureus · 2026 · PMC13033227 · PMID 41913835

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closest p

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Compared with individuals with less than secondary education, those with post-secondary education showed a trend toward lower odds of CVD that approached statistical significance (aOR 0.84, 95%CI 0.70-1.01), while secondary school graduates did not differ significantly from the reference group.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Former smokers had slightly higher odds compared with current smokers, though this association did not reach statistical significance (aOR 1.14, 95%CI 0.93-1.40), and never smokers had modestly lower odds (aOR 0.86, 95%CI 0.70-1.07).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.