Global heart failure incidence rate: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Front Cardiovasc Med · 2026 · PMC13046512 · PMID 41940091

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.2550

closest p · 5.1× alpha

0.2550

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.255not close (p > 0.1)

The slope estimated by the model was negative but did not reach statistical significance (coefficient = −0.031, p = 0.255, R 2 = 0.72%).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

An increasing trend in scientific production on HF incidence was observed from the 2010 s onwards, with a notable concentration of publications between 2015 and 2024. 70% of the studies were published during this period.

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a clear trendno p-value reported

These variations do not show a clear trend of increase or decrease over time, although they could be influenced by changes in diagnostic criteria, population aging, or improvements in cardiovascular prevention.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.