For any inotropic support (composite outcome including adrenaline, dopamine, or dobutamine), vitamin B12 showed borderline significance after adjustment (OR=0.980 per 10 pg/mL 95% CI: 0.961-1.000, p=0.048), while LVEF remained a strong independent predictor (OR=0.958, 95% CI: 0.931-0.986, p=0.003) ( Table 9 , Model 2 ).
However, after Bonferroni correction (threshold p<0.010), this association did not reach statistical significance.
Preoperative drug use was evaluated and it was shown that statin and metformin use was associated with higher serum vitamin B12 levels among drug groups after Bonferroni correction, while beta-blocker use showed a trend that did not reach statistical significance after correction.