Early pregnancy biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus prediction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of routine laboratory, metabolic, and inflammatory markers.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13061706 · PMID 41970973

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Meta-analysis revealed a trend toward lower PAPP-A levels in women who subsequently developed GDM (pooled SMD -0.558, 95% CI: -1.155 to 0.040, p=0.067), though this did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 3 ).

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels showed a trend toward lower values in women who developed GDM (SMD -0.558, 95% CI: -1.155 to 0.040).

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