Toxicological Evaluation of Vanillin Flavor in E-Liquid Aerosols on Endothelial Cell Function: Findings from the Replica Project.

Cardiovasc Toxicol · 2026 · PMC13070984 · PMID 41968178

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0001

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0630

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.0001actually significant

S2B) and high ICC of 0.949, indicating highly significant results ( p < 0.0001).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.051so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although the 50 mM PG/VG base exhibited a similar trend to the vehicle control and PG/VG Vanillin, the difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.051).

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approached significancep = 0.063so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The IL-6 (sub-Ohm) group had a slightly higher ICC of 0.108, which approached significance ( p = 0.063).

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