Temporal dynamics and functional maturation of the infant gut microbiota during the first year of life.

Age factor emerged as the strongest contributors, while individual and ethnic showed a trend toward influence, possibly mediated by culturally shaped maternal diet or caregiving practices [ 52 ], though differences between ethnic groups did not reach statistical significance, likely due to limited sample size.

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This suggests that the relative abundance distribution of different species in the infant gut microbiota gradually became more balanced—an important indicator of the maturation of the microbial community structure—although the changes between time points did not reach statistical significance.

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