The timing of the commencement of pulmonary rehabilitation in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Subgroup analyses showed that, for the primary outcome, post-discharge initiation significantly reduced the risk of hospital readmissions (RR 0.65, 95% CrI 0.41 to 0.93), whereas during hospitalization initiation did not reach statistical significance (RR 0.73, 95% CrI 0.37 to 1.30).

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While initiation within 48 h of admission showed a trend toward improvement (MD = – 0.50) and ranked second in probability of effectiveness, the difference was not statistically significant in the global analysis (95% CrI [–1.05, 0.06]).

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