Nondestructive individual tree aboveground biomass estimation using a hierarchical Bayesian approach in combination with individual tree competition indices.

The effect was positive in the central part of the study area, and negative in the eastern and western edges, whereas the mean of the posterior distribution of spatial effects for the whole study area showed a trend of increasing and decreasing from east to west.

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The results showed that when the plot radius was 2.5–10 ​m, the average competitive intensity had a significant trend, with a large increase.

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