highly significantp < 0.001
The Chi-square test demonstrated highly significant differences across duration categories (χ 2 = 22.73; df = 3; p < 0.001), with a progressive increase in ECC prevalence as feeding duration increased.
The Chi-square test demonstrated highly significant differences across duration categories (χ 2 = 22.73; df = 3; p < 0.001), with a progressive increase in ECC prevalence as feeding duration increased.
However, the adjusted odds ratio below 1 suggests a possible trend toward a protective effect.
The OTHER feeding group showed an odds ratio of 1.72 ( p = 0.097), suggesting a trend toward increased ECC risk, although this result did not reach statistical significance. 3.4.
Multivariable analysis showed that night-time feeding duration > 12 months, high-sugar diet, >5 daily meals, and delayed initiation of toothbrushing were associated with ECC, whereas use of an electric toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste showed a trend toward a protective effect.