Differential Effects of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Hemoglobin Levels in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Real-World Cohort Study.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC13116796 · PMID 42074973

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0880

closest p · 1.8× alpha

0.0880

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.088so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Importantly, hematocrit delta did not reach statistical significance between groups (+1.15% vs. −0.10%; p = 0.088), and extracellular fluid changes were comparable between SGLT2-i users and non-users ( p = 0.221).

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Conclusions: In this real-world prospective cohort, pioglitazone showed a trend toward increased SMM in unadjusted analysis that did not reach significance after adjustment, suggesting a hypothesis-generating signal warranting further investigation.

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