Outcomes and prognostic factors in melanoma patients with leptomeningeal disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Melanoma Res · 2026 · PMC13124253 · PMID 42053986

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0530

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.1010

boldest claim

The sentences

approaching significanceP = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

On sensitivity analysis excluding a patient who died within 4 days of ICI initiation, survival differences became more pronounced, with median OS reaching significance by Kaplan–Meier estimation (4.1 months, P = 0.047) and the Cox model approaching significance (hazard ratio 0.47, P = 0.053; Fig. 2 d, Table 2 ).

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a nonsignificant trendP = 0.101not close (p > 0.1)

LMD treated with ICIs or BRAF/MEK inhibitors requiring steroids had a nonsignificant trend toward reduced OS (hazard ratio 1.95; 95% CI: 0.88–4.31; P = 0.101).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

2 d), although this did not reach statistical significance, likely due to small sample size.

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