Association of joint trajectories of dietary diversity and physical activity with cognitive function in older adults: a prospective cohort study.

Compared with the “High DDS and High PA” reference group, the main association patterns remained stable in the fully adjusted model after additional adjustment for lifestyle factors and multimorbidity: the “High DDS and Low PA” group maintained a significantly elevated cognitive impairment risk of 48% ( RR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10–2.01, P = 0.009); the “Low DDS and Low PA” group demonstrated a 41% increased risk ( RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03–1.93, P = 0.019); the “Low DDS and High PA” group showed a 33% increased risk that did not reach statistical significance ( RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.92–1.93, P = 0.079). 3.6.

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Using the “High DDS and High PA” group as the reference, the fully adjusted model revealed: the “High DDS and Low PA” group exhibited significantly lower MMSE scores by 1.12 points (β = −1.12, 95% CI: −1.94 to −0.30, P = 0.008); the “Low DDS and Low PA” group demonstrated significantly lower MMSE scores by 1.20 points (β = −1.20, 95% CI: −2.04 to −0.36, P = 0.005); the “Low DDS and High PA” group showed a trend toward lower MMSE scores that did not reach statistical significance (β = −0.51, 95% CI: −1.55 to 0.52, P = 0.330).

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