Comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for depression and anxiety in chronic low back pain: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

SE showed a trend toward improvement for three outcomes (pain: low-quality evidence; anxiety and depression: moderate-quality evidence); however, sensitivity analyses indicated that the effects were highly dependent on individual studies, and findings should be viewed cautiously.

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The findings of this study partially support this hypothesis, though the pain relief achieved through IR did not reach statistical significance.

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