Efficacy of rebamipide for the treatment of dry eye disease: An updated meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026 · PMC13138440 · PMID 42065158

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0510

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0550

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantP = .051so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Fluorescein staining score (FSS) Analysis of studies measuring ocular FSS at 4 weeks ( k = 6) showed a borderline significant improvement (SMD = −0.68, 95% CI = [−1.36, 0.00], P = .051; I 2 = 79.2%; Figure 3 (B).

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approaching significanceP = .055so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Fluorescein staining scores showed a reduction approaching statistical significance (SMD = −0.68; P = .051), while symptom scores measured by ocular surface disease index trended toward improvement, also approaching significance (SMD = −1.17; P = .055).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Fluorescein ocular surface staining scores (SMD = −0.68; P = .051) and patient-reported outcomes (SMD = −1.17; P = .055) showed trends toward improvement, though these results did not reach statistical significance and should be interpreted cautiously.

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borderline significanceno p-value reported

While several studies employed validated grading systems such as the NEI or van Bijsterveld scales, inconsistent use and reporting limited comparability and may have contributed to the borderline significance observed in staining outcomes.

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