Efficacy of aerobic exercise as a combination therapy for depression compared to standardized therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Of these, five studies [ 40 , 45 , 69 , 71 , 79 ] found significant improvement in the aerobic exercise combined treatment group (Aex + CT), ( p ≤ 0.001), while two studies reported near-significant improvements ( p = 0.058 [ 42 ], p = 0.061 [ 72 ]), whereas another seven studies reported no significant difference between the two groups ( p > 0.05).

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[ 33 ] demonstrated a moderate effect (SMD = −0.49) through subgroup analysis when exercise was paired with psychotherapy; however, this outcome did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.19).

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