Targeted hyperthermia therapy (THT) using gold nanorods remodels the tumor microenvironment to sensitize murine microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer to immune checkpoint blockade.

THT also increased the proportion of CD206+ macrophages (CD206+ Ly6G− F4/80+) at 48 h, demonstrating a strong trend toward significance ( p = 0.0879) (Fig. 1 I), consistent with early macrophage remodeling in response to thermal injury and damage-associated signaling.

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Within the CD8 compartment, two THT treatments trended toward increased frequencies of activated and central memory-like CD8+ T cells relative to controls, but these differences did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 3 I-J).

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