Humanization and Communication Skills: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spanish Nursing Students.

Nurs Rep · 2026 · PMC13209899 · PMID 42188664

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

For CSI-R, the difference between trained and untrained students approached statistical significance but did not reach statistical significance (t = 2.21, p = 0.06).

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showed a trendp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Students who had completed the role-playing seminars recorded higher HUMAS totals (d = 0.50; p = 0.001) and sub-scores, with only a modest gain in Affect-Regulation, and showed a trend towards better CSI-R performance ( p = 0.06).

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