Investigation of maternal BMI as a continuous variable revealed inverse associations with parabens (FDR-adjusted p = 0.038) and VOCs (FDR-adjusted p = 0.015) that remained significant after FDR correction, while organophosphorus insecticides showed borderline significance (FDR-adjusted p = 0.05).
In unadjusted analyses at the individual analyte level, none showed a significant association with gestational age in the low-BMI group, barring a negative trend of tobacco smoke metabolite—norcotinine (NCOTT, r = −0.23, p = 0.067) and bisphenol-4,4′-Cyclo-hexylidenebisphenol (BPZ, r = −0.22, p = 0.094)—and a positive trend of neonicotinoid insecticide-N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid (NDMA, r = 0.23, p = 0.071), as shown in Supplementary Table S12 .
In unadjusted analyses at the individual analyte level, none showed a significant association with gestational age in the low-BMI group, barring a negative trend of tobacco smoke metabolite—norcotinine (NCOTT, r = −0.23, p = 0.067) and bisphenol-4,4′-Cyclo-hexylidenebisphenol (BPZ, r = −0.22, p = 0.094)—and a positive trend of neonicotinoid insecticide-N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid (NDMA, r = 0.23, p = 0.071), as shown in Supplementary Table S12 .
Overall, the association of GA and birthweight with individual analytes failed to reach significance after FDR adjustment. 4.
Organophosphorus insecticides (r = 0.23, p = 0.074) and VOCs (r = 0.24, p = 0.056) showed a trend of positive association with birthweight ( Figure 6 and Supplementary Table S11 ) only in low BMI group.