However, the duration of nCPAP showed a trend toward longer use in the high caffeine group (72.00 vs. 52.36 h; p = 0.053), and the duration of free-flow O2 therapy was significantly longer in infants with high caffeine levels (7.52 vs. 5.34 days; p = 0.017).
Although the difference in hyponatremia prevalence narrowly missed statistical significance, the magnitude of the odds ratio suggests potential clinical relevance and may reflect limited statistical power in the high-caffeine group.
While the analysis suggested certain differences between neonates with normal and high caffeine/xanthine levels, most comparisons did not reach statistical significance, largely due to small event numbers.