Effects of different menthol administration routes on endurance performance and physiological responses in the heat: a network meta-analysis.

In the mutual comparisons between different active intervention routes, the trend for Top being superior to MR (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI [−0.12, 0.84]) and ING (SMD = 0.28, 95% CI [−0.03, 0.59]) was most pronounced, though these also failed to reach statistical significance. 3.5 Analysis of mean power outcomes 3.5.1 Network plot of included studies In Figure 6 , the four nodes represent three distinct intervention measures.

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Results The network meta-analysis of the 15 included randomized controlled trials revealed outcome-specific trends in exercise performance, although most pairwise comparisons did not reach statistical significance.

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The findings suggest that active menthol application may exhibit a positive trend in supporting exercise performance under heat stress.

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