Causal relationship between inflammatory proteins and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A serum-metabolites-mediated Mendelian randomization analysis.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026 · PMC13225583 · PMID 42216364

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

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closest p · 1.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

nominally significantP < .05actually significant

The IVW analyses identified 5 circulating inflammatory proteins with nominally significant ( P < .05) causal associations with ADHD.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The 2-step MR analysis suggested that CD40 levels may exert an indirect effect on ADHD via N -acetylneuraminate, although the mediation effect did not reach statistical significance (mediation effect: 0.005; 95% CI, −0.000 to 0.011; mediation proportion: −7.290%; 95% CI, −15.100% to 0.506%).

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