Impact of dietary component clusters identified by K-means++ on renal function decline in a Taiwanese cohort.

Overall, dietary clusters were significantly differentiated across all food categories ( p < 0.001), with a clear trend toward healthier food choices in the Health cluster and higher intake of processed and sugary items in the Non-Health cluster Results of dietary pattern clusters by K-means++ at follow-up At the end of follow-up, three dietary clusters remained evident among the 24,820 participants (cluster 2: Non-Health, n = 5,229; cluster 0: Normal, n = 13,296; cluster 1: Health, n = 6,288) ( Figure 1(B) ; Supplementary Table 3 ).

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When applying these stricter definitions of renal decline, the ‘Non-Health to Health’ dietary transition continued to demonstrate a lower risk, although the associations did not reach statistical significance (AOR = 0.71 and AOR = 0.85, respectively).

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