Association between obstructive sleep apnea and sex hormones in U.S. adult males: a population-based study.

Sex Med · 2026 · PMC13244391 · PMID 42266362

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0400

closest p · 0.8× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantP = .04actually significant

Testosterone deficiency prevalence was markedly higher in the high-risk OSA group (43.83%) versus the low-risk group (12.70%), with a borderline significant association for the continuous OSA score (OR = 3.85, P = .04).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In the obese group, TT, FT, and TT/E2 showed significant inverse associations with OSA risk, whereas SHBG associations did not reach statistical significance.

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a negative trendno p-value reported

Significant nonlinear associations were detected for ln(SHBG) (P-nonlinear <0.0001) and ln(FAI) ( P -nonlinear <0.0001), with FAI exhibiting a U-shaped relationship and SHBG showing a negative trend.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.