Comparison of two olfactory tests in young children: A study of crayon sniffing (C-Sniff) and short U-Sniff (qU-Sniff).

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol · 2026 · PMC13249688 · PMID 41870577

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

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closest p

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boldest claim

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.065so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

showed a trendno p-value reported

The difference between Group 1 and Group 2 showed a trend but did not reach statistical significance after correction ( p = 0.065).

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highly significantno p-value reported

The subsequent analysis of identification performance across the three defined age groups revealed a highly significant effect of age on both test scores.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.