nominally significantp=0.030
When comparing within-panel profile distances between the G2–G3 group and G1, no clear separation of group centroids was observed for the primary Aitchison metric (CLR-Euclidean) (PERMANOVA: p=0.094; R2=0.009), whereas Bray–Curtis distances showed a nominally significant difference with a small effect size (PERMANOVA: p=0.030; R2=0.022).