RAAS inhibitors approached but did not reach significance for ΔFMD ( p = 0.06) and showed no significant association for ΔNMD ( p = 0.39). 3.5.
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Pre-Procedural Vascular Phenotyping Is Associated with Radial Artery Functional Impairment After Transradial Catheterization.
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approaching significancep = 0.06
The borderline protective signal observed with RAAS inhibitor use, approaching significance in subgroup analysis ( p = 0.06 for ΔFMD at 24 h) and showing consistent positive Spearman correlations at 24 h (ρ = +0.20) and one month (ρ = +0.30), is biologically plausible given the vasoprotective properties of this drug class through reduction in angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress, preservation of bradykinin signaling, and upregulation of eNOS activity [ 34 ].
By contrast, the corresponding sex difference in FMD reduction was smaller and did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.40); the finding is therefore best regarded as a difference in the degree of sex-related vulnerability between the two compartments rather than as an absolute dissociation.