Rectus sheath catheters versus thoracic epidural analgesia for pain management after open surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.

−1.20 to −0.55), Z = −5.27; P < 0.001), whereas the random-effects model did not reach statistical significance (SMD −1.10 (95% c.i. −3.64 to 1.43); P = 0.202) ( Fig. 4a ).

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Opioid consumption was similar across most studies, indicating effective pain control with both techniques 13 , 16 , 19 , 25 , 26 , but some studies showed a trend toward higher opioid consumption in the RSC group during the early postoperative interval 14 , 15 , 21 .

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