The appearance of keywords like "sensor" (7 times) and "biosensor" (6 times) further reflects a significant trend toward real-time monitoring and personalized diagnostics using microneedle technology.The clustering analysis delineated 10 thematic categories (Fig. 9 ), each representing distinct research directions.
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Highly cited original research in microneedle science from 2015 to 2025 a bibliometric and altmetric analysis.
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The research content spans highly interdisciplinary fields, including nanoscience, chemistry, materials science, and biomedicine, highlighting a strong trend toward multidisciplinary integration.