Cannabinoid receptor-2 ligand beta-caryophyllene modulates inflammatory responses of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.

The BCP×LPS interaction was significant for MIP-1α ( P = 0.040) and IL-1α ( P = 0.045), and tended towards significance for IL-1β ( P = 0.054; Fig. 3 ).

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Interestingly, the BCP×LPS×HS interaction showed a trend toward significance in both studies 1 and 2 ( P = 0.089 and P = 0.063, respectively; Table 1 ), indicating that HS may modulate the combined effect of BCP and LPS on the CNR2 expression.

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BCP effect BCP had an overall trend of upregulating secretion of IL-1α ( P BCP = 0.057), IL-1β ( P BCP = 0.083), and MIP-1α ( P BCP = 0.094; Fig. 3 ).

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Changes in medium concentrations of interleukins TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 following BCP treatment did not reach statistical significance (Table 3 ); however, they mirrored the changes in expression of the respective genes in the MEPs that we described earlier: pre-incubation with BCP augmented the LPS-induced secretion of TNF-α, but reduced the LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-10 secretion.

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