To summarize, a few effects were observed—most notably, in the gut wall, for CCL20 ( p = 0.047) and to a lesser extent for IL8 (close to significance - p = 0.061) ( Figure 4D ) where a treatment effect was detected, despite pairwise comparisons failing to reach statistical significance. 4.
Isoleucine levels were highest in the BCAA group, with a trend toward significance ( p = 0.078; Table 4 ), likely reflecting the supplementation of branched-chain AAs in this group.
Regarding the potential impact of administered AAs on the expression of selected transcripts, metabolites, and the microbiota, we failed to identify significant differences between groups, though a few near-significant trends were observed for SLC7A7 ( y+ LAT1 ) and OCLN transcripts in the Peyer’s patch.
Similarly, CCL20 and IL8 showed elevated expression in the BCAA group ( p = 0.047 and p = 0.061, respectively; Figure 4D and Table 5A ), though these differences did not reach statistical significance when groups were compared.